Instruction

Attributed Strings

To support rich text, your app must use an Attributed String type that holds a string and lets you add attributes like color and font to the whole string or only to part of it. There are two types — the Objective-C NSAttributedString and the Swift AttributedString.

NSAttributedString

An NSAttributedString object holds a string plus key-value pairs (attributes) that specify additional information to apply to ranges of characters within the string. Attributes include:

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AttributedString

AttributedString is a Swift struct introduced in iOS 15, enabling Swift devs to create styled text Swiftly. Attributes provide features such as visual styles for display, accessibility guidance, and hyperlink data for linking between data sources.

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NSAttributedString vs AttributedString

Initializing an NSAttributedString with a String and an attributes dictionary:

let string = "Attributed String"
let attributes: [NSAttributedString.Key : Any] = [
    NSAttributedString.Key.foregroundColor: UIColor.systemPink,
    NSAttributedString.Key.font: UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 40),
    NSAttributedString.Key.underlineStyle: NSUnderlineStyle.single.rawValue
]
let attributedString = NSAttributedString(string: string, attributes: attributes)

let label = UILabel()
label.attributedText = attributedString

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private var attributedString: AttributedString {
    let string = "Attributed String"
    var attributedString = AttributedString(string)
    
    attributedString.foregroundColor = .pink
    attributedString.font = .boldSystemFont(ofSize: 40)
    attributedString.underlineStyle = .single

    return attributedString
}

var body: some View {
    Text(attributedString)
}

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NSAttributedString <==> AttributedString

You can convert one to the other, but each type has attributes that the other doesn’t. Keeping this in mind, you can leverage the strengths of each type. For example:

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Adaptive Image Glyphs

An Adaptive Image Glyph is a data object for an emoji-like image that can appear in attributed text. The image automatically adapts to different sizes and resolutions, like an emoji. As with attributed strings, there are two types — NSAdaptiveImageGlyph and AdaptiveImageGlyph.

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let fullString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: "Inline image: ")
let image1Attachment = NSTextAttachment()
image1Attachment.image = UIImage(systemName: "globe")
let image1String = NSAttributedString(attachment: image1Attachment)
fullString.append(image1String)

AttributedString(fullString)  // displays only "Inline image: ", no globe image

NSAdaptiveImageGlyph

When a user creates a new custom emoji and inserts it into their text, TextKit creates an instance of NSAdaptiveImageGlyph to represent the image and enable it to behave like an emoji, automatically adapting to different sizes and resolutions. This type manages multiple images, along with metadata describing how to adapt those images correctly to different fonts and font attributes. It’s another type of attachment to an NSAttributedString object.

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init(imageContent: Data)
init(coder: NSCoder)

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AdaptiveImageGlyph

AdaptiveImageGlyph is a struct component of AttributedString. Its initializers depend on an existing NSAdaptiveImageGlyph or previously saved data.

init(NSAdaptiveImageGlyph)
init(from: any Decoder)
init(imageContent: Data)

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convenience init(
  adaptiveImageGlyph: NSAdaptiveImageGlyph,
  attributes: [NSAttributedString.Key : Any] = [:]
)

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Entering Genmoji in Your App

The only way to create an attributed string with an adaptive image glyph is via the text input system, using the new emoji keyboard. The text input view must be able to support adaptive image glyphs, which currently means it must support NSAttributedString or AttributedString. Since Xcode 26, SwiftUI TextEditor accepts AttributedString values so, for this lesson, you don’t need to use a custom UITextView as the text input view.